Отформатировать дату в Python

Время создания: 04.05.2018 14:58

Автор: br0ke

Текстовые метки: python, date, datetime, output, format, strftime, pendulum, babel, locale, setlocale, localization, localized

Раздел: Информационные технологии - Python

Запись: and-semakin/mytetra_data/master/base/1525423865a912jur9y6/text.html на raw.githubusercontent.com

1) Обычное форматирование (числовое или прописью на английском):

from datetime import datetime

dt = datetime.now()

# 1) str.format

strg = '{:%B %d, %Y}'.format(dt)

print(strg) # July 22, 2017

# 2) datetime.strftime

strg = dt.strftime('%B %d, %Y')

print(strg) # July 22, 2017

# 3) f-strings in python >= 3.6

strg = f'{dt:%B %d, %Y}'

print(strg) # July 22, 2017

2) Представление прописью на русском языке (взято отсюда: https://ru.stackoverflow.com/a/623845):

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import pendulum # $ pip install pendulum

d = pendulum.from_format('01.07.2009', '%d.%m.%Y')

ordinal_day_word = ['', 'первое', 'второе', 'третье', ...][d.day]

print(ordinal_day_word + d.format(' %B %Y года', locale='ru'))

# -> первое июля 2009 года

3) Получить дату в локализированном формате для определенного языка:

>>> import time

>>> print time.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S")

Sun, 23 Oct 2005 20:38:56

>>> import locale

>>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_TIME, "sv_SE") # swedish

'sv_SE'

>>> print time.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S")

sön, 23 okt 2005 20:39:15

Нужно быть внимательным с локалями, потому что на Linux/Unix и Windows они записываются по-разному. Кроме того, команда смены локали глобальна для программы и может поменять поведение в неожиданных местах. Чтобы этого избежать, можно воспользоваться локализирующими библиотеками, типа babel:

>>> from datetime import date, datetime, time

>>> from babel.dates import format_date, format_datetime, format_time

>>> d = date(2007, 4, 1)

>>> format_date(d, locale='en')

u'Apr 1, 2007'

>>> format_date(d, locale='de_DE')

u'01.04.2007'

Code	Meaning	Example
%a	Weekday as locale’s abbreviated name.	Mon
%A	Weekday as locale’s full name.	Monday
%w	Weekday as a decimal number, where 0 is Sunday and 6 is Saturday.	1
%d	Day of the month as a zero-padded decimal number.	30
%-d	Day of the month as a decimal number. (Platform specific)	30
%b	Month as locale’s abbreviated name.	Sep
%B	Month as locale’s full name.	September
%m	Month as a zero-padded decimal number.	09
%-m	Month as a decimal number. (Platform specific)	9
%y	Year without century as a zero-padded decimal number.	13
%Y	Year with century as a decimal number.	2013
%H	Hour (24-hour clock) as a zero-padded decimal number.	07
%-H	Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number. (Platform specific)	7
%I	Hour (12-hour clock) as a zero-padded decimal number.	07
%-I	Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number. (Platform specific)	7
%p	Locale’s equivalent of either AM or PM.	AM
%M	Minute as a zero-padded decimal number.	06
%-M	Minute as a decimal number. (Platform specific)	6
%S	Second as a zero-padded decimal number.	05
%-S	Second as a decimal number. (Platform specific)	5
%f	Microsecond as a decimal number, zero-padded on the left.	000000
%z	UTC offset in the form +HHMM or -HHMM (empty string if the the object is naive).
%Z	Time zone name (empty string if the object is naive).
%j	Day of the year as a zero-padded decimal number.	273
%-j	Day of the year as a decimal number. (Platform specific)	273
%U	Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) as a zero padded decimal number. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.	39
%W	Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0.	39
%c	Locale’s appropriate date and time representation.	Mon Sep 30 07:06:05 2013
%x	Locale’s appropriate date representation.	09/30/13
%X	Locale’s appropriate time representation.	07:06:05
%%	A literal '%' character.	%

Так же в этом разделе:

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