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Раздел: !Закладки - VBA - Access - DAO
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DAO Programming Code Examples Microsoft Access: DAO Programming Code Examples Provided by Allen Browne, March 2007. Updated July 2007 DAO Programming Code Examples This page is a reference for developers, demonstrating how to use the DAO library to programmatically create, delete, modify, and list the objects in Access - the tables, fields, indexes, and relations, queries, and databases - and read or set their properties. DAO (Data Access Objects) is the native library Microsoft designed to expose the object in Access. All versions have this library set by default, except Access 2000 and 2002, so make sure you have the DAO library reference set if you use those versions. For more information on why you need to use DAO, see Michael Kaplan's blog posting of July 13 2007: What does DAO have that ADO/ADOx/JRO do not? For an introduction to DAO, see DAO Object Model. If you are more familiar with ADO or DDL, this comparison of field names may help. There is no explanation beyond in-line comments, and no error handling in most examples.
Option Compare Database
Option Explicit
'Constants for examining how a field is indexed.
Private Const intcIndexNone As Integer = 0
Private Const intcIndexGeneral As Integer = 1
Private Const intcIndexUnique As Integer = 3
Private Const intcIndexPrimary As Integer = 7
Function CreateTableDAO() 'Purpose: Create two tables using DAO.
Dim db As DAO.Database
Dim tdf As DAO.TableDef
Dim fld As DAO.Field
'Initialize the Contractor table.
Set db = CurrentDb()
Set tdf = db.CreateTableDef("tblDaoContractor")
'Specify the fields.
With tdf
'AutoNumber: Long with the attribute set.
Set fld = .CreateField("ContractorID", dbLong)
fld.Attributes = dbAutoIncrField + dbFixedField
.Fields.Append fld
'Text field: maximum 30 characters, and required.
Set fld = .CreateField("Surname", dbText, 30)
fld.Required = True
.Fields.Append fld
'Text field: maximum 20 characters.
.Fields.Append .CreateField("FirstName", dbText, 20)
'Yes/No field.
.Fields.Append .CreateField("Inactive", dbBoolean)
'Currency field.
.Fields.Append .CreateField("HourlyFee", dbCurrency)
'Number field.
.Fields.Append .CreateField("PenaltyRate", dbDouble)
'Date/Time field with validation rule.
Set fld = .CreateField("BirthDate", dbDate)
fld.ValidationRule = "Is Null Or <=Date()"
fld.ValidationText = "Birth date cannot be future."
.Fields.Append fld
'Memo field.
.Fields.Append .CreateField("Notes", dbMemo)
'Hyperlink field: memo with the attribute set.
Set fld = .CreateField("Web", dbMemo)
fld.Attributes = dbHyperlinkField + dbVariableField
.Fields.Append fld
End With
'Save the Contractor table.
db.TableDefs.Append tdf
Set fld = Nothing
Set tdf = Nothing
Debug.Print "tblDaoContractor created."
'Initialize the Booking table
Set tdf = db.CreateTableDef("tblDaoBooking")
With tdf
'Autonumber
Set fld = .CreateField("BookingID", dbLong)
fld.Attributes = dbAutoIncrField + dbFixedField
.Fields.Append fld
'BookingDate
.Fields.Append .CreateField("BookingDate", dbDate)
'ContractorID
.Fields.Append .CreateField("ContractorID", dbLong)
'BookingFee
.Fields.Append .CreateField("BookingFee", dbCurrency)
'BookingNote: Required.
Set fld = .CreateField("BookingNote", dbText, 255)
fld.Required = True
.Fields.Append fld
End With
'Save the Booking table.
db.TableDefs.Append tdf
Set fld = Nothing
Set tdf = Nothing
Debug.Print "tblDaoBooking created."
'Clean up
Application.RefreshDatabaseWindow 'Show the changes
Set fld = Nothing
Set tdf = Nothing
Set db = Nothing
End Function
Function ModifyTableDAO() 'Purpose: How to add and delete fields to existing tables.
'Note: Requires the table created by CreateTableDAO() above.
Dim db As DAO.Database
Dim tdf As DAO.TableDef
Dim fld As DAO.Field
'Initialize
Set db = CurrentDb()
Set tdf = db.TableDefs("tblDaoContractor")
'Add a field to the table.
tdf.Fields.Append tdf.CreateField("TestField", dbText, 80)
Debug.Print "Field added."
'Delete a field from the table.
tdf.Fields.Delete "TestField"
Debug.Print "Field deleted."
'Clean up
Set fld = Nothing
Set tdf = Nothing
Set db = Nothing
End Function
Function DeleteTableDAO() DBEngine(0)(0).TableDefs.Delete "DaoTest"
End Function
Function MakeGuidTable() 'Purpose: How to create a table with a GUID field.
Dim db As DAO.Database
Dim tdf As DAO.TableDef
Dim fld As DAO.Field
Dim prp As DAO.Property
Set db = CurrentDb()
Set tdf = db.CreateTableDef("Table8")
With tdf
Set fld = .CreateField("ID", dbGUID)
fld.Attributes = dbFixedField
fld.DefaultValue = "GenGUID()"
.Fields.Append fld
End With
db.TableDefs.Append tdf
End Function
Function CreateIndexesDAO() Dim db As DAO.Database
Dim tdf As DAO.TableDef
Dim ind As DAO.Index
'Initialize
Set db = CurrentDb()
Set tdf = db.TableDefs("tblDaoContractor")
'1. Primary key index.
Set ind = tdf.CreateIndex("PrimaryKey")
With ind
.Fields.Append .CreateField("ContractorID")
.Unique = False
.Primary = True
End With
tdf.Indexes.Append ind
'2. Single-field index.
Set ind = tdf.CreateIndex("Inactive")
ind.Fields.Append ind.CreateField("Inactive")
tdf.Indexes.Append ind
'3. Multi-field index.
Set ind = tdf.CreateIndex("FullName")
With ind
.Fields.Append .CreateField("Surname")
.Fields.Append .CreateField("FirstName")
End With
tdf.Indexes.Append ind
'Refresh the display of this collection.
tdf.Indexes.Refresh
'Clean up
Set ind = Nothing
Set tdf = Nothing
Set db = Nothing
Debug.Print "tblDaoContractor indexes created."
End Function
Function DeleteIndexDAO() DBEngine(0)(0).TableDefs("tblDaoContractor").Indexes.Delete "Inactive"
End Function
Function CreateRelationDAO() Dim db As DAO.Database
Dim rel As DAO.Relation
Dim fld As DAO.Field
'Initialize
Set db = CurrentDb()
'Create a new relation.
Set rel = db.CreateRelation("tblDaoContractortblDaoBooking")
'Define its properties.
With rel
'Specify the primary table.
.Table = "tblDaoContractor"
'Specify the related table.
.ForeignTable = "tblDaoBooking"
'Specify attributes for cascading updates and deletes.
.Attributes = dbRelationUpdateCascade + dbRelationDeleteCascade
'Add the fields to the relation.
'Field name in primary table.
Set fld = .CreateField("ContractorID")
'Field name in related table.
fld.ForeignName = "ContractorID"
'Append the field.
.Fields.Append fld
'Repeat for other fields if a multi-field relation.
End With
'Save the newly defined relation to the Relations collection.
db.Relations.Append rel
'Clean up
Set fld = Nothing
Set rel = Nothing
Set db = Nothing
Debug.Print "Relation created."
End Function
Function DeleteRelationDAO() DBEngine(0)(0).Relations.Delete "tblDaoContractortblDaoBooking"
End Function
Function DeleteQueryDAO() DBEngine(0)(0).QueryDefs.Delete "qryDaoBooking"
End Function
Function SetPropertyDAO(obj As Object, strPropertyName As String, intType As Integer, _ varValue As Variant, Optional strErrMsg As String) As Boolean
On Error GoTo ErrHandler
'Purpose: Set a property for an object, creating if necessary.
'Arguments: obj = the object whose property should be set.
' strPropertyName = the name of the property to set.
' intType = the type of property (needed for creating)
' varValue = the value to set this property to.
' strErrMsg = string to append any error message to.
If HasProperty(obj, strPropertyName) Then
obj.Properties(strPropertyName) = varValue
Else
obj.Properties.Append obj.CreateProperty(strPropertyName, intType, varValue)
End If
SetPropertyDAO = True
ExitHandler:
Exit Function
ErrHandler:
strErrMsg = strErrMsg & obj.Name & "." & strPropertyName & " not set to " & varValue & _
". Error " & Err.Number & " - " & Err.Description & vbCrLf
Resume ExitHandler
End Function
Public Function HasProperty(obj As Object, strPropName As String) As Boolean 'Purpose: Return true if the object has the property.
Dim varDummy As Variant
On Error Resume Next
varDummy = obj.Properties(strPropName)
HasProperty = (Err.Number = 0)
End Function
Function StandardProperties(strTableName As String) 'Purpose: Properties you always want set by default:
' TableDef: Subdatasheets off.
' Numeric fields: Remove Default Value.
' Currency fields: Format as currency.
' Yes/No fields: Display as check box. Default to No.
' Text/memo/hyperlink: AllowZeroLength off,
' UnicodeCompression on.
' All fields: Add a caption if mixed case.
'Argument: Name of the table.
'Note: Requires: SetPropertyDAO()
Dim db As DAO.Database 'Current database.
Dim tdf As DAO.TableDef 'Table nominated in argument.
Dim fld As DAO.Field 'Each field.
Dim strCaption As String 'Field caption.
Dim strErrMsg As String 'Responses and error messages.
'Initalize.
Set db = CurrentDb()
Set tdf = db.TableDefs(strTableName)
'Set the table's SubdatasheetName.
Call SetPropertyDAO(tdf, "SubdatasheetName", dbText, "[None]", _
strErrMsg)
For Each fld In tdf.Fields
'Handle the defaults for the different field types.
Select Case fld.Type
Case dbText, dbMemo 'Includes hyperlinks.
fld.AllowZeroLength = False
Call SetPropertyDAO(fld, "UnicodeCompression", dbBoolean, _
True, strErrMsg)
Case dbCurrency
fld.DefaultValue = 0
Call SetPropertyDAO(fld, "Format", dbText, "Currency", _
strErrMsg)
Case dbLong, dbInteger, dbByte, dbDouble, dbSingle, dbDecimal
fld.DefaultValue = vbNullString
Case dbBoolean
Call SetPropertyDAO(fld, "DisplayControl", dbInteger, _
CInt(acCheckBox))
End Select
'Set a caption if needed.
strCaption = ConvertMixedCase(fld.Name)
If strCaption <> fld.Name Then
Call SetPropertyDAO(fld, "Caption", dbText, strCaption)
End If
'Set the field's Description.
Call SetFieldDescription(tdf, fld, , strErrMsg)
Next
'Clean up.
Set fld = Nothing
Set tdf = Nothing
Set db = Nothing
If Len(strErrMsg) > 0 Then
Debug.Print strErrMsg
Else
Debug.Print "Properties set for table " & strTableName
End If
End Function
Function ConvertMixedCase(ByVal strIn As String) As String 'Purpose: Convert mixed case name into a name with spaces.
'Argument: String to convert.
'Return: String converted by these rules:
' 1. One space before an upper case letter.
' 2. Replace underscores with spaces.
' 3. No spaces between continuing upper case.
'Example: "FirstName" or "First_Name" => "First Name".
Dim lngStart As Long 'Loop through string.
Dim strOut As String 'Output string.
Dim boolWasSpace As Boolean 'Last char. was a space.
Dim boolWasUpper As Boolean 'Last char. was upper case.
strIn = Trim$(strIn) 'Remove leading/trailing spaces.
boolWasUpper = True 'Initialize for no first space.
For lngStart = 1& To Len(strIn)
Select Case Asc(Mid(strIn, lngStart, 1&))
Case vbKeyA To vbKeyZ 'Upper case: insert a space.
If boolWasSpace Or boolWasUpper Then
strOut = strOut & Mid(strIn, lngStart, 1&)
Else
strOut = strOut & " " & Mid(strIn, lngStart, 1&)
End If
boolWasSpace = False
boolWasUpper = True
Case 95 'Underscore: replace with space.
If Not boolWasSpace Then
strOut = strOut & " "
End If
boolWasSpace = True
boolWasUpper = False
Case vbKeySpace 'Space: output and set flag.
If Not boolWasSpace Then
strOut = strOut & " "
End If
boolWasSpace = True
boolWasUpper = False
Case Else 'Any other char: output.
strOut = strOut & Mid(strIn, lngStart, 1&)
boolWasSpace = False
boolWasUpper = False
End Select
Next
ConvertMixedCase = strOut
End Function
Function SetFieldDescription(tdf As DAO.TableDef, fld As DAO.Field, _ Optional ByVal strDescrip As String, Optional strErrMsg As String) _
As Boolean
'Purpose: Assign a Description to a field.
'Arguments: tdf = the TableDef the field belongs to.
' fld = the field to document.
' strDescrip = The description text you want.
' If blank, uses Caption or Name of field.
' strErrMsg = string to append any error messages to.
'Notes: Description includes field size, validation,
' whether required or unique.
If (fld.Attributes And dbAutoIncrField) > 0& Then
strDescrip = strDescrip & " Automatically generated " & _
"unique identifier for this record."
Else
'If no description supplied, use the field's Caption or Name.
If Len(strDescrip) = 0& Then
If HasProperty(fld, "Caption") Then
If Len(fld.Properties("Caption")) > 0& Then
strDescrip = fld.Properties("Caption") & "."
End If
End If
If Len(strDescrip) = 0& Then
strDescrip = fld.Name & "."
End If
End If
'Size of the field.
'Ignore Date, Memo, Yes/No, Currency, Decimal, GUID,
' Hyperlink, OLE Object.
Select Case fld.Type
Case dbByte, dbInteger, dbLong
strDescrip = strDescrip & " Whole number."
Case dbSingle, dbDouble
strDescrip = strDescrip & " Fractional number."
Case dbText
strDescrip = strDescrip & " " & fld.Size & "-char max."
End Select
'Required and/or Unique?
'Check for single-field index, and Required property.
Select Case IndexOnField(tdf, fld)
Case intcIndexPrimary
strDescrip = strDescrip & " Required. Unique."
Case intcIndexUnique
If fld.Required Then
strDescrip = strDescrip & " Required. Unique."
Else
strDescrip = strDescrip & " Unique."
End If
Case Else
If fld.Required Then
strDescrip = strDescrip & " Required."
End If
End Select
'Validation?
If Len(fld.ValidationRule) > 0& Then
If Len(fld.ValidationText) > 0& Then
strDescrip = strDescrip & " " & fld.ValidationText
Else
strDescrip = strDescrip & " " & fld.ValidationRule
End If
End If
End If
If Len(strDescrip) > 0& Then
strDescrip = Trim$(Left$(strDescrip, 255&))
SetFieldDescription = SetPropertyDAO(fld, "Description", _
dbText, strDescrip, strErrMsg)
End If
End Function
Private Function IndexOnField(tdf As DAO.TableDef, fld As DAO.Field) _ As Integer
'Purpose: Indicate if there is a single-field index _
' on this field in this table.
'Return: The constant indicating the strongest type.
Dim ind As DAO.Index
Dim intReturn As Integer
intReturn = intcIndexNone
For Each ind In tdf.Indexes
If ind.Fields.Count = 1 Then
If ind.Fields(0).Name = fld.Name Then
If ind.Primary Then
intReturn = (intReturn Or intcIndexPrimary)
ElseIf ind.Unique Then
intReturn = (intReturn Or intcIndexUnique)
Else
intReturn = (intReturn Or intcIndexGeneral)
End If
End If
End If
Next
'Clean up
Set ind = Nothing
IndexOnField = intReturn
End Function
Function CreateQueryDAO() 'Purpose: How to create a query
'Note: Requires a table named MyTable.
Dim db As DAO.Database
Dim qdf As DAO.QueryDef
Set db = CurrentDb()
'The next line creates and automatically appends the QueryDef.
Set qdf = db.CreateQueryDef("qryMyTable")
'Set the SQL property to a string representing a SQL statement.
qdf.SQL = "SELECT MyTable.* FROM MyTable;"
'Do not append: QueryDef is automatically appended!
Set qdf = Nothing
Set db = Nothing
Debug.Print "qryMyTable created."
End Function
Function CreateDatabaseDAO() 'Purpose: How to create a new database and set key properties.
Dim dbNew As DAO.Database
Dim prp As DAO.Property
Dim strFile As String
'Create the new database.
strFile = "C:\SampleDAO.mdb"
Set dbNew = DBEngine(0).CreateDatabase(strFile, dbLangGeneral)
'Create example properties in new database.
With dbNew
Set prp = .CreateProperty("Perform Name AutoCorrect", dbLong, 0)
.Properties.Append prp
Set prp = .CreateProperty("Track Name AutoCorrect Info", _
dbLong, 0)
.Properties.Append prp
End With
'Clean up.
dbNew.Close
Set prp = Nothing
Set dbNew = Nothing
Debug.Print "Created " & strFile
End Function
Function ShowDatabaseProps() 'Purpose: List the properies of the current database.
Dim db As DAO.Database
Dim prp As DAO.Property
Set db = CurrentDb()
For Each prp In db.Properties
Debug.Print prp.Name
Next
Set db = Nothing
End Function
Function ShowFields(strTable As String) 'Purpose: How to read the fields of a table.
'Usage: Call ShowFields("Table1")
Dim db As DAO.Database
Dim tdf As DAO.TableDef
Dim fld As DAO.Field
Set db = CurrentDb()
Set tdf = db.TableDefs(strTable)
For Each fld In tdf.Fields
Debug.Print fld.Name, FieldTypeName(fld)
Next
Set fld = Nothing
Set tdf = Nothing
Set db = Nothing
End Function
Function ShowFieldsRS(strTable) 'Purpose: How to read the field names and types from a table or query.
'Usage: Call ShowFieldsRS("Table1")
Dim rs As DAO.Recordset
Dim fld As DAO.Field
Dim strSql As String
strSql = "SELECT " & strTable & ".* FROM " & strTable & " WHERE (False);"
Set rs = DBEngine(0)(0).OpenRecordset(strSql)
For Each fld In rs.Fields
Debug.Print fld.Name, FieldTypeName(fld), "from " & fld.SourceTable & "." & fld.SourceField
Next
rs.Close
Set rs = Nothing
End Function
Public Function FieldTypeName(fld As DAO.Field) 'Purpose: Converts the numeric results of DAO fieldtype to text.
'Note: fld.Type is Integer, but the constants are Long.
Dim strReturn As String 'Name to return
Select Case CLng(fld.Type)
Case dbBoolean: strReturn = "Yes/No" ' 1
Case dbByte: strReturn = "Byte" ' 2
Case dbInteger: strReturn = "Integer" ' 3
Case dbLong ' 4
If (fld.Attributes And dbAutoIncrField) = 0& Then
strReturn = "Long Integer"
Else
strReturn = "AutoNumber"
End If
Case dbCurrency: strReturn = "Currency" ' 5
Case dbSingle: strReturn = "Single" ' 6
Case dbDouble: strReturn = "Double" ' 7
Case dbDate: strReturn = "Date/Time" ' 8
Case dbBinary: strReturn = "Binary" ' 9 (no interface)
Case dbText '10
If (fld.Attributes And dbFixedField) = 0& Then
strReturn = "Text"
Else
strReturn = "Text (fixed width)"
End If
Case dbLongBinary: strReturn = "OLE Object" '11
Case dbMemo '12
If (fld.Attributes And dbHyperlinkField) = 0& Then
strReturn = "Memo"
Else
strReturn = "Hyperlink"
End If
Case dbGUID: strReturn = "GUID" '15
'Attached tables only: cannot create these in JET.
Case dbBigInt: strReturn = "Big Integer" '16
Case dbVarBinary: strReturn = "VarBinary" '17
Case dbChar: strReturn = "Char" '18
Case dbNumeric: strReturn = "Numeric" '19
Case dbDecimal: strReturn = "Decimal" '20
Case dbFloat: strReturn = "Float" '21
Case dbTime: strReturn = "Time" '22
Case dbTimeStamp: strReturn = "Time Stamp" '23
'Constants for complex types don't work prior to Access 2007.
Case 101&: strReturn = "Attachment" 'dbAttachment
Case 102&: strReturn = "Complex Byte" 'dbComplexByte
Case 103&: strReturn = "Complex Integer" 'dbComplexInteger
Case 104&: strReturn = "Complex Long" 'dbComplexLong
Case 105&: strReturn = "Complex Single" 'dbComplexSingle
Case 106&: strReturn = "Complex Double" 'dbComplexDouble
Case 107&: strReturn = "Complex GUID" 'dbComplexGUID
Case 108&: strReturn = "Complex Decimal" 'dbComplexDecimal
Case 109&: strReturn = "Complex Text" 'dbComplexText
Case Else: strReturn = "Field type " & fld.Type & " unknown"
End Select
FieldTypeName = strReturn
End Function
Function DAORecordsetExample() 'Purpose: How to open a recordset and loop through the records.
'Note: Requires a table named MyTable, with a field named MyField.
Dim rs As DAO.Recordset
Dim strSql As String
strSql = "SELECT MyField FROM MyTable;"
Set rs = DBEngine(0)(0).OpenRecordset(strSql)
Do While Not rs.EOF
Debug.Print rs!MyField
rs.MoveNext
Loop
rs.Close
Set rs = Nothing
End Function
Function ShowFormProperties(strFormName As String) On Error GoTo Err_Handler
'Purpose: Loop through the controls on a form, showing names and properties.
'Usage: Call ShowFormProperties("Form1")
Dim frm As Form
Dim ctl As Control
Dim prp As Property
Dim strOut As String
DoCmd.OpenForm strFormName, acDesign, WindowMode:=acHidden
Set frm = Forms(strFormName)
For Each ctl In frm
For Each prp In ctl.Properties
strOut = strFormName & "." & ctl.Name & "." & prp.Name & ": "
strOut = strOut & prp.Type & vbTab
strOut = strOut & prp.Value
Debug.Print strOut
Next
If ctl.ControlType = acTextBox Then Stop
Next
Set frm = Nothing
DoCmd.Close acForm, strFormName, acSaveNo
Exit_Handler:
Exit Function
Err_Handler:
Select Case Err.Number
Case 2186:
strOut = strOut & Err.Description
Resume Next
Case Else
MsgBox "Error " & Err.Number & ": " & Err.Description, vbExclamation, "ShowFormProperties()"
Resume Exit_Handler
End Select
End Function
Public Function ExecuteInTransaction(strSql As String, Optional strConfirmMessage As String) As Long On Error GoTo Err_Handler
'Purpose: Execute the SQL statement on the current database in a transaction.
'Return: RecordsAffected if zero or above.
'Arguments: strSql = the SQL statement to be executed.
' strConfirmMessage = the message to show the user for confirmation. Number will be added to front.
' No confirmation if ZLS.
' -1 on error.
' -2 on user-cancel.
Dim ws As DAO.Workspace
Dim db As DAO.Database
Dim bInTrans As Boolean
Dim bCancel As Boolean
Dim strMsg As String
Dim lngReturn As Long
Const lngcUserCancel = -2&
Set ws = DBEngine(0)
ws.BeginTrans
bInTrans = True
Set db = ws(0)
db.Execute strSql, dbFailOnError
lngReturn = db.RecordsAffected
If strConfirmMessage <> vbNullString Then
If MsgBox(lngReturn & " " & Trim$(strConfirmMessage), vbOKCancel + vbQuestion, "Confirm") <> vbOK Then
bCancel = True
lngReturn = lngcUserCancel
End If
End If
'Commmit or rollback.
If bCancel Then
ws.Rollback
Else
ws.CommitTrans
End If
bInTrans = False
Exit_Handler:
ExecuteInTransaction = lngReturn
On Error Resume Next
Set db = Nothing
If bInTrans Then
ws.Rollback
End If
Set ws = Nothing
Exit Function
Err_Handler:
MsgBox "Error " & Err.Number & ": " & Err.Description, vbExclamation, "ExecuteInTransaction()"
lngReturn = -1
Resume Exit_Handler
End Function
Function GetAutoNumDAO(strTable) As String 'Purpose: Get the name of the AutoNumber field, using DAO.
Dim db As DAO.Database
Dim tdf As DAO.TableDef
Dim fld As DAO.Field
Set db = CurrentDb()
Set tdf = db.TableDefs(strTable)
For Each fld In tdf.Fields
If (fld.Attributes And dbAutoIncrField) <> 0 Then
GetAutoNumDAO = fld.Name
Exit For
End If
Next
Set fld = Nothing
Set tdf = Nothing
Set db = Nothing
End Function
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Так же в этом разделе:
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