Чтобы увидеть команды и действия, которые выполяет make, можно запустить ее с опцией VERBOSE:

make VERBOSE=1

В результате будет выдан полный лог действий, который будет выглядеть примерно так:

/usr/bin/cmake -H/home/xi/work/develop/cpp/WorkTest/25_int -B/home/xi/work/develop/cpp/WorkTest/25_int --check-b
uild-system CMakeFiles/Makefile.cmake 0
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_start /home/xi/work/develop/cpp/WorkTest/25_int/CMakeFiles /home/xi/work/develo
p/cpp/WorkTest/25_int/CMakeFiles/progress.marks
make -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 all
make[1]: вход в каталог «/home/xi/work/develop/cpp/WorkTest/25_int»
make -f CMakeFiles/sample.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/sample.dir/depend
make[2]: вход в каталог «/home/xi/work/develop/cpp/WorkTest/25_int»
cd /home/xi/work/develop/cpp/WorkTest/25_int && /usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_depends "Unix Makefiles" /home/xi/work/d
evelop/cpp/WorkTest/25_int /home/xi/work/develop/cpp/WorkTest/25_int /home/xi/work/develop/cpp/WorkTest/25_int /
home/xi/work/develop/cpp/WorkTest/25_int /home/xi/work/develop/cpp/WorkTest/25_int/CMakeFiles/sample.dir/DependI
nfo.cmake --color=
Dependee "/home/xi/work/develop/cpp/WorkTest/25_int/Main.cpp" is newer than depender "CMakeFiles/sample.dir/Main
.cpp.o".
Clearing dependencies in "/home/xi/work/develop/cpp/WorkTest/25_int/CMakeFiles/sample.dir/depend.make".
Scanning dependencies of target sample
make[2]: выход из каталога «/home/xi/work/develop/cpp/WorkTest/25_int»
make -f CMakeFiles/sample.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/sample.dir/build
make[2]: вход в каталог «/home/xi/work/develop/cpp/WorkTest/25_int»
[ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/sample.dir/Main.cpp.o
/usr/bin/c++    -I/usr/include/opencv   -o CMakeFiles/sample.dir/Main.cpp.o -c /home/xi/work/develop/cpp/WorkTes
t/25_int/Main.cpp
[100%] Linking CXX executable sample
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles/sample.dir/link.txt --verbose=1
/usr/bin/c++      CMakeFiles/sample.dir/Main.cpp.o  -o sample -rdynamic -lX11 -lpthread /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gn
u/libopencv_videostab.so.2.4.9 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ts.so.2.4.9 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopen
cv_superres.so.2.4.9 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_stitching.so.2.4.9 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_
ocl.so.2.4.9 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_gpu.so.2.4.9 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_contrib.so.2.4
.9 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_photo.so.2.4.9 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_legacy.so.2.4.9 /usr/l
ib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_video.so.2.4.9 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_objdetect.so.2.4.9 /usr/lib/x86
_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ml.so.2.4.9 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_calib3d.so.2.4.9 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-g
nu/libopencv_features2d.so.2.4.9 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_highgui.so.2.4.9 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
libopencv_imgproc.so.2.4.9 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_flann.so.2.4.9 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopenc
v_core.so.2.4.9
make[2]: выход из каталога «/home/xi/work/develop/cpp/WorkTest/25_int»
[100%] Built target sample
make[1]: выход из каталога «/home/xi/work/develop/cpp/WorkTest/25_int»
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_start /home/xi/work/develop/cpp/WorkTest/25_int/CMakeFiles 0